While I was in Germany I decided it was about time I got my head around the German Bundeslaender; where they are and which cities are in each. I had previously had not had much of a clue except knowing where Nordrhein-Westfalen and Berlin were (I exaggerate slightly).
So I'm writing my list down from memory to show myself that I have learnt them.
I could have just copied this stuff from Wikipedia's excellent summary.
/Formerly in FRD/
Schleswig-Holstein (Kiel)
Niedersachsen (Hannover)
Nordrhein-Westfalen (Duesseldorf)
Hessen (Wiesbaden)
Rheinland-Pfalz (Mainz)
Saarland (Saarbruecken)
Baden-Wuerttemburg (Stuttgart)
Bayern (Muenchen)
PLUS Freie Hansestaedte Hamburg & Bremen
/Formerly in DDR/
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Schwerin)
Sachsen Anhalt (Magdeburg)
Sachsen (Dresden)
Brandenburg (Potsdam)
Thueringen (Erfurt)
PLUS Berlin (its own Land)